Electricity is motion of
electrons in certain materials. When electrons (containing “ – “ charge)starta
moving towards protons (containing “ + “ charge) this motion causes flow of
numerous electrons. This flow is called electricity.
Basically the force that
forces eletrons to flow is measured in “Volts” whereas the quantity of
electrons flown in certain time is measured in “Ampere’s”
Formation Of Electricity
There are two types of
electricity according to its form
1.
1.
AC
(Alternating Current)
2.
2.
DC
(Direct Current)
1. AC (Alternating Current)
Alternating current is the
type of current in which both current flow lines bear both type of charge “+”
and “ – “
Sources of AC:
Commonly AC is supplied in
Mains supply used in commen home electrical appliances. It is produced by
“Dynmo’s” , “Turbines” and “Generators” and also in “UPS” normally proveded AC
in homes is measured 220 Volts and its Frequence(cycling speed of “+” and “ – “
charge) would be 60 Hz(hertz frequency measurment units). And in some countries
it would be 110 Volts and 50 Hz.
2. DC (Direct Current)
Direct Current is derrived from its shape. The charactristic
of DC are
1.
1.
DC
is not in wave form rather it is straight
2.
2.
DC
contains “+” charge on one line and “ – “ charge on another line( See Figure
2.0
Sources:
Normally sources of Direct Current are batteries, Cells,
Solar Cells and DC Adapters and Chargers.
AC To DC
Conversion
“AC” can be changed into DC as well as DC into AC. While
converting AC into DC we need a few components calles detectors commonly known
as Rectifire Diods. The complete function of Diods is discussed in “ Parts
Detail and Function Lesson”, but here I want show the simple process in which
“AC” is converted into “DC”. First of all we should know the main differences
between AC and DC.
1.
1.
“AC”
contains “+” and “ – “ cahrge in wave form whereas “DC” contains “+” and “ – “
charge in straight shape.
2.
2.
“AC”
contains both “+” and “ – “ charge on both lines whereas “DC” contains “+”
charge on one line and “ – “ charge on another line.
So it is easy to
convert “AC into “DC” by straightening charge shape and by making it seperate.
Note: this circuit with some modifications is used in mobile phone chargers.